AI Search Optimisation

AI search optimisation is the work of making a website easy for AI answer engines, such as Google AI Overviews, AI Mode, ChatGPT search and Perplexity, to retrieve, understand and cite. It builds on semantic SEO rather than replacing it, so the same clear, well-structured pages compete in classic results and in AI answers.

Signs you need AI Search Optimisation

  • ChatGPT recommends our competitors when people ask about our service.
  • AI Overviews answer our customers’ questions using other sites.
  • We don’t know whether our robots.txt blocks AI crawlers.
  • An AI assistant describes our business with outdated or wrong details.
  • Agencies keep pitching us GEO, and we can’t tell what’s real.
  • Our rankings held, but clicks from Google fell anyway.
  • Someone told us to add an llms.txt file, and we don’t know if it matters.

Results to expect

  • Key answers written so AI systems can lift and cite them accurately
  • Crawler rules that allow AI search while reflecting your stance on training
  • A repeatable record of where AI answers mention you, and who they cite instead
  • Improvements that strengthen your classic organic rankings at the same time

What is AI search optimisation?

AI search optimisation is the work of making a site’s content easy for AI answer engines to find, understand and cite. That includes Google’s AI Overviews and AI Mode, ChatGPT search, Perplexity, Gemini and Microsoft Copilot. Some people call it GEO, for generative engine optimisation, or AEO, for answer engine optimisation. The names are new. Most of the discipline isn’t.

I’m Qaim Raza, and I approach AI search as a layer on top of semantic SEO, not a shortcut around it. These systems search before they write. Google’s AI features draw on pages that are indexed and eligible to appear with a snippet, while ChatGPT search and Perplexity run their own web searches. A site that is weak in classic search starts from the same weak position in AI answers. What changes is the unit that competes, the way questions are processed and the way success has to be measured.

How do AI answer engines choose their sources?

AI answer engines choose sources by retrieving passages that address each part of a question, writing an answer from the ones that support it best and citing some of them. Three things shape which passages get picked.

01

Query fan-out

Query fan-out is the process of splitting one question into several related searches, running them and combining what comes back. Google has said its AI Overviews and AI Mode can work this way, and other assistants behave similarly when they browse. A question such as “do I need a lawyer after a minor car accident” might fan out into searches about fault rules in the person’s state, deadlines for injury claims, when insurers settle without a lawyer and how contingency fees work.

The consequence is that a site competes for the sub-questions, not only for the question typed. I map each important customer question to its likely branches and check which page on the site answers each one. Gaps in that map explain most missing citations better than any score does.

02

Passage-level answers

Passage ranking is a search engine’s ability to rank one section of a page for a narrow question, even when the page as a whole covers something broader. AI systems go a step further and lift the passage itself into an answer. A passage that can be lifted cleanly has a few traits:

  • The heading names the question or topic the section answers.

  • The first sentence answers it directly, before context or caveats.

  • The entity is named rather than referred to as “it” or “we”, so the passage still makes sense on its own.

  • Conditions and units are explicit: which state, which size, which price range, which date.

  • Nothing depends on “as mentioned above”.

03

Clear entity–attribute–value facts

An entity–attribute–value (EAV) fact names a thing, one of its properties and that property’s value. Facts in this shape are easy for AI systems to check against other sources and to quote without distortion. “Our rings are made to the highest standards” gives a model nothing to cite. “Every solitaire setting we make is 14k or 18k gold, and every centre stone over half a carat comes with a GIA or IGI report” gives it three facts. Writing to that standard is the core of my semantic content writing.

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Why does entity consistency change what AI says about you?

AI systems describe a business by combining what many sources say about it, so inconsistent sources produce hedged, wrong or missing descriptions. If a CBD brand’s website says every batch is third-party tested, its marketplace listing says nothing about testing and an old directory entry shows a former brand name, an assistant may repeat any of the three. Knowledge-based trust, judging a source by whether its facts agree with what is already known, works against a business whose own facts disagree.

The fix starts on the site and spreads outward, so that names, services, licences and policies read identically on the site, in its markup and on its profiles. That is the job of entity SEO and schema markup. Recommendations also depend on what others say: reviews, industry listings and press mentions all feed the picture, and earning them is authority building work.

Which AI crawlers should robots.txt allow?

Allow the crawlers that fetch pages for AI search answers, and decide separately, as a business choice, whether to allow the ones that collect training data. Different user agents now handle the two jobs, and blocking the wrong one can remove a site from answers it wanted to be in.

  • OAI-SearchBot

    fetches pages so ChatGPT search can show and cite them. OpenAI says sites that block it won’t appear in ChatGPT search answers.

  • GPTBot

    collects content that may be used to train OpenAI’s models. OpenAI treats the two settings independently, so blocking GPTBot doesn’t remove a site from ChatGPT search.

  • PerplexityBot

    indexes pages for Perplexity’s answers. Perplexity says it isn’t used to train foundation models.

  • Google-Extended

    isn’t a crawler at all. It is a control token in robots.txt: Googlebot does the crawling, and the token tells Google whether that content may be used to train Gemini models and ground answers in Gemini apps. Google says it doesn’t affect inclusion or ranking in Google Search, and AI Overviews and AI Mode are part of Search.

  • User-triggered fetchers

    such as ChatGPT-User and Perplexity-User visit a page because a person asked for it, and their operators say robots.txt rules may not apply to them in the same way.

robots.txt isn’t the only gate. Some CDNs and security services now block AI crawlers by default or with a single switch, so a site can allow OAI-SearchBot in robots.txt while its firewall turns it away. Rendering matters too: published log studies suggest most AI crawlers don’t run JavaScript, so content that appears only after scripts execute may be invisible to them. That is one of several reasons I push for server-rendered HTML in technical SEO work.

How can AI citations be tracked honestly?

AI citations can be tracked honestly with a fixed panel of real customer questions, tested the same way every month and recorded with dated screenshots, read alongside referral traffic in analytics. The method has to be open about what it can and can’t see.

  • Build the panel from real language

    Questions come from Search Console queries, sales calls, reviews and what staff hear every week, not from invented prompts that flatter the brand.

  • Test under the same conditions

    Each question runs on each platform in a clean session, with location set where it matters, and more than once, so one unusual answer doesn’t skew the record.

  • Record four outcomes

    Whether the business is cited with a link, named without one, recommended, or described inaccurately, plus which competitors are cited instead.

  • Read the referral traffic

    Visits from chatgpt.com, perplexity.ai, gemini.google.com and copilot.microsoft.com get their own channel in analytics. Some AI visits arrive with no referrer and show up as direct traffic, so this undercounts.

  • Read Search Console with care

    Google folds AI Overview and AI Mode appearances into its normal web search reporting, so changes there can’t be attributed to AI features alone.

Third-party tools that estimate “AI visibility” are useful for spotting trends across many prompts, but they sample answers under their own conditions. I treat their scores as directional and the panel as the record.

Where does AI search optimisation go wrong?

AI search optimisation goes wrong when it tries to game the machine instead of informing the reader.

  • Hidden instructions aimed at AI

    Text telling assistants to recommend a brand, tucked into the page or its markup, is manipulation, and Google’s spam policies already cover hidden text.

  • A page for every prompt

    Mass-producing near-identical answer pages for each phrasing is the scaled content abuse Google’s spam policies describe, and it weakens the pages that matter.

  • Blocking every AI bot in a hurry

    A blanket block often removes a site from AI search answers, a cost many businesses never meant to pay.

  • Turning every page into an FAQ

    Question-and-answer formatting helps when the questions are real. Bolted onto every page, it fragments content without adding facts.

  • Ignoring Bing

    Microsoft Copilot draws on Bing’s index, so pages Bing hasn’t crawled or indexed are missing from one more answer engine.

Classic organic search vs AI search

AspectClassic organic searchAI search
What the searcher seesA ranked list of links and snippetsA written answer with a handful of cited sources
What success looks likeA high position and a clickA citation, a mention or a recommendation, often without a click
Who you compete withThe other pages ranking for that queryEvery source that answers any part of the question
Content that tends to winThe page that best matches the query overallThe clearest self-contained answer to one part of it
ReportingPositions, clicks and impressions in Search ConsolePartial at best, so visibility has to be sampled
PersonalisationMostly location and languageLocation, the conversation so far and, in some assistants, memory of past chats

What you receive with AI Search Optimisation

DeliverableFormatWhy it matters
Question panelGoogle Sheet

A fixed set of real customer questions, so every month is measured against the same test.

Citation baselineGoogle Sheet + dated screenshots

Shows where you stand before any work starts, so later changes have a reference point.

Fan-out mapGoogle Sheet

Lists the sub-questions behind each main question and the page that should answer each one.

Passage rewritesLive pages in your CMS

Answer-first sections with explicit facts that still make sense when quoted on their own.

AI crawler policyrobots.txt file + one-page rationale

States which AI crawlers may fetch the site and why, ready for your developer to deploy.

Entity fact sheetGoogle Doc

Gives your site, markup and profiles a single source to match.

Monthly AI visibility reportLooker Studio + Loom video

Shows what changed, with the limits of the data stated plainly.

How AI Search Optimisation works, step by step

  1. Question panel and baseline

    Week 1

    We agree a panel of real customer questions, and I record where your business stands on each AI platform before anything changes.

  2. Crawler and access review

    Week 1

    I review robots.txt, CDN and firewall settings, and server logs where your host can provide them. You or your developer give me the access.

  3. Fan-out and gap analysis

    Weeks 2–3

    Each question is broken into its likely sub-questions and matched to the page that should answer it, exposing missing passages and conflicting facts.

  4. Passage and entity fixes

    Weeks 3–6

    Priority sections are rewritten, missing answers are added to the right pages, and facts are aligned across the site and your profiles.

  5. Monthly re-testing

    Monthly

    The panel is re-run and reported on, and any new gaps feed the next round of page changes.

AI Search Optimisation in the industries I specialise in

Kratom

AI assistants answering kratom questions lean on cautious, authoritative sources and often add safety caveats. Vendors are more likely to be cited for factual, non-medical topics: how lab testing works, how to read a certificate of analysis, legality by state and shipping restrictions. I write those passages without health claims and check how each platform currently describes the brand, because an assistant repeating an outdated legal fact can cost sales.

CBD

For CBD health questions, AI answers draw heavily on regulators, research and large publishers, so a brand competes on product-level facts instead: spectrum types, THC limits, serving sizes, lab results and state rules. Those passages are written as plain, checkable statements with no disease claims. I also test buying-intent questions, such as comparisons between full-spectrum and isolate products, where a retailer has a realistic chance of being cited.

Movers

People ask AI assistants how to avoid moving scams and what a long-distance move costs. Movers get cited when their pages answer those questions with specifics: how binding and non-binding estimates differ, what a USDOT number proves, and what drives price by distance, volume and season. A clear statement of whether the company is a carrier or a broker stops assistants from guessing.

Self storage

“What size storage unit do I need?” is a natural AI question, and it fans out into sub-questions about dimensions, what fits in each size, climate control and price. Operators earn citations with a unit-size guide that answers each in a self-contained passage, from 5×5 to 10×20, using their own measurements and photos of what actually fits rather than a chart copied from competitors.

Jewelry stores

Jewelry shoppers use AI to compare before they buy: lab-grown versus natural, GIA versus IGI reports, which metal suits daily wear. Stores are cited when their guides give precise, verifiable facts in line with the FTC Jewelry Guides, and when product pages state attributes clearly. ChatGPT and Google’s AI Mode both show product results too, so product feeds and on-page facts need to agree.

Law firms

Legal questions are YMYL, so AI systems tend to cite government, court and established legal sources, and firms compete for the practical questions around them: how a process works in a specific state, which deadlines apply, what to bring to a first consultation. Passages name the jurisdiction explicitly and are reviewed by an attorney, and every attorney’s details match across the site and bar listings.

Who this is for, and who it isn’t

A good fit if you…

  • Businesses whose customers research before contacting anyone, such as law firms and movers
  • Brands in restricted niches where AI answers shape early research
  • Sites that already rank organically but rarely appear in AI answers
  • Owners who want an honest measure of AI visibility rather than a vanity score

Not the right fit if you…

  • Sites without basic organic visibility yet: that has to come first
  • Anyone who wants guaranteed mentions in ChatGPT or AI Overviews
  • Businesses that want to block every crawler and still be cited
  • Anyone looking for prompt tricks or hidden text aimed at AI systems

Ways we can work together

Option 1

AI visibility baseline

Best for: Businesses that want to know where they stand first

  • Question panel and citation baseline
  • Crawler access review
  • Fan-out gap analysis
  • Prioritised list of fixes
Option 2

AI search optimisation project

Best for: Sites ready to change pages and profiles

  • Everything in the baseline
  • Passage rewrites on priority pages
  • Entity fact alignment
  • Crawler policy deployed and checked
Option 3

Monthly AI visibility retainer

Best for: Brands that want ongoing tracking and improvement

  • Monthly panel re-tests
  • New passages for uncovered sub-questions
  • Reporting on AI referrals
  • Policy updates as platforms change their crawlers

Tools I use

  • Google Search Console
  • Google Analytics 4
  • Bing Webmaster Tools
  • ChatGPT
  • Perplexity
  • Gemini
  • Screaming Frog SEO Spider
  • Ahrefs

AI Search Optimisation questions

Do I need an llms.txt file?

Not for search visibility today. llms.txt is a proposed format for giving AI tools a summary of a site, not an adopted standard. Google has said it doesn’t use llms.txt in Search, and I haven’t seen evidence that the major AI search crawlers rely on it to choose sources. Adding one does little harm, but it shouldn’t take time away from the pages and facts those systems actually read.

Can I keep my pages out of Google’s AI Overviews?

Only by limiting snippets in normal search as well. Google applies the same controls to AI Overviews and AI Mode as to regular results: nosnippet, data-nosnippet, max-snippet and noindex. For most businesses the trade-off isn’t worth it, because those controls shrink or remove ordinary listings too. data-nosnippet is the most targeted option, since it can keep a specific passage out of snippets without hiding the page.

How quickly can a page start appearing in AI answers?

Systems that search the web live, such as ChatGPT search, Perplexity and Google’s AI features, can cite a page soon after it’s crawled and indexed, sometimes within days. What a model knows from training changes far more slowly, only when new versions are released. So page improvements show up first in answers that involve a live search, and later, if at all, in answers given from memory.

Does schema markup help with AI Overviews?

It helps understanding, but it isn’t a requirement. Google says no special markup is needed to appear in AI Overviews or AI Mode. Structured data still makes entities and facts explicit, which helps any system reading the page tell which business, product or attorney it describes. It only helps when it matches the visible content, so markup is never a substitute for clear passages on the page.

Do AI Overviews reduce clicks to my site?

They can, especially for simple informational questions that the overview answers in full. Searches where people still need to compare, call or book are less likely to end inside the answer. Google says clicks from results pages with AI Overviews tend to be higher quality, which is hard to verify from outside. In your own data, the tell-tale sign is steady impressions and position with a falling click-through rate.

Can you get my business recommended when people ask ChatGPT for the best local provider?

I can improve the odds, not guarantee the outcome. For local recommendations, assistants draw on business listings, reviews and mentions on other sites as well as your own pages. Accurate profiles, a steady flow of genuine reviews, clear service and location pages and coverage in local media all help. The question panel then shows whether you appear for those questions, and which competitors do instead.

Does posting on Reddit help AI visibility?

It can, if it’s genuine. AI answers often cite forum threads, Reddit in particular, because they contain first-hand experience. Staff who answer questions in relevant communities, openly saying who they work for, can earn mentions that assistants pick up. Fake accounts, planted recommendations and undisclosed promotion break community rules, get removed and can damage trust in the brand far more than they help.

Is AI search worth the effort if the traffic is small?

Judge it by influence as well as volume. AI referrals are still a small share of traffic for most sites, but people asking assistants detailed questions are often further into a decision, and many see a brand named in an answer before they ever search for it. Growth in branded searches and enquiries that mention an AI tool belong in the picture alongside referral visits.

Should I block AI training crawlers?

That’s a business decision rather than an SEO one. Publishers with original research or paid content often block training to protect it. Businesses whose goal is to be known and recommended usually gain little from blocking, because a model that has never seen their pages knows less about them. I set out the trade-offs for your situation, and you decide which policy to run.

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